Description: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira with a worldwide distribution, reported in humans and over 150 mammalian species. The camels reared in Iran are animals with a unique physiological constitution, resistant to many infectious diseases, but affected with leptospirosis. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of Leptospira infection in camels in Iran by molecular methods. One hundred and thirty camel blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR reaction was performed for detection of Leptospira DNA using specific primers for Leptospira 16s rRNA gene. The frequency of leptospiral DNA in camel blood samples was 19 of 130 (14.61percentage). Leptospirosis may become more important in camels with the increasing trend towards intensive dairy camel production in some countries like Iran. Considering that the majority of leptospirosis cases in men were due to association of men with animals and disease-infected environment and according to present findings, the examination of camels for Leptospira infection seems to be necessary for control and prevention of leptospirosis