Анотация: A clinical case of solitary renal cyst in a dog is described. The literature review showed that the disease was more common in some cat breeds than in dogs. By means of blood laboratory analysis, ultrasonography and radiology, tentative and differential diagnoses were made. The disease was confirmed intraoperatively, and then a nephrectomy was performed. The patient`s follow-up continued for 4 months after the surgery and no deviations from the general and surgical state were observed. Based on literature evidence and the outcome, it was concluded that when the contralateral kidney is properly functioning, the removal of the cyst together with the kidney was the better therapeutic approach